955
GLOSSARY
central nervous system
(sen
′
tral ner
′
vus
sis
′
tem)
The brain and spinal cord;
CNS. p. 354
centriole
(sen
′
tre-o
¯l)
Cellular structure
built of microtubules that organizes
the mitotic spindle. p. 86
centromere
(sen
′
tro-me
¯r)
Region of a
chromosome where spindle F
bers
attach during mitosis. p. 101
centrosome
(sen
′
tro-so
¯m)
Cellular
organelle consisting of two
centrioles. p. 86
cephalic
(se
˘-fal
′
ik)
Pertaining to the
head. p. 23
cerebellar cortex
(ser
″
e
˘-bel
′
ar kor
′
teks)
Outer layer of the cerebellum. p. 410
cerebellar peduncles
(ser
″
e
˘-bel
′
ar pe-
dung
′
kl)
Bundle of nerve F
bers
connecting the cerebellum and the
brainstem. p. 410
cerebellum
(ser
″
e
˘-bel
′
um)
Part of
the brain that coordinates skeletal
muscle movement. p. 410
cerebral aqueduct
(ser
′
e
˘-bral ak
′
we
˘-dukt
″
)
Tube that connects the third and
fourth ventricles of the brain. p. 385
cerebral cortex
(ser
′
e
˘-bral kor
′
teks)
Outer layer of the cerebrum. p. 400
cerebral hemisphere
(ser
′
e
˘-bral hem
′
ı˘-
sfe
¯r)
One of the large, paired
structures that constitute the
cerebrum. p. 398
cerebrospinal fl
uid
(ser
″
e
˘-bro-spi
′
nal
fl
oo
′
id)
±luid in the ventricles of
the brain, the subarachnoid space
of the meninges, and the central
canal of the spinal cord; CS±.
p. 385
cerebrum
(ser
′
e
˘-brum)
Part of the
brain in the upper part of the cranial
cavity that provides higher mental
functions. p. 398
cerumen
(se
˘-roo
′
men)
Waxlike
substance produced by cells that line
the external ear canal. p. 450
cervical
(ser
′
vı˘-kal)
Pertaining to the
neck. p. 23
cervix
(ser
′
viks)
Narrow, inferior end
of the uterus that leads into the
vagina. p. 854
chemoreceptor
(ke
″
mo-re-sep
′
tor)
Receptor stimulated by the binding
of certain chemicals. p. 439
chemotaxis
(ke
″
mo-tak
′
sis)
Attraction
of leukocytes to chemicals released
from damaged cells. p. 635
chief cell
(che
¯f sel)
Cell type in gastric
gland that secretes various digestive
enzymes. p. 666
childhood
(child
′
hood)
Period of life
between infancy and adolescence.
p. 906
cartilaginous joint
(kar
″
tı˘-laj
′
ı˘-nus joint)
Two or more bones joined by
cartilage. p. 262
catabolism
(ka-tab
′
o-lizm)
Breakdown
of large molecules; catabolic
metabolism. p. 115
catalyst
(kat
′
ah-list)
Chemical that
increases the rate of a chemical
reaction, but is not permanently
altered by the reaction. p. 59
catecholamine
(kat
″
e
˘-kol
′
am-in)
Type
of organic compound that includes
epinephrine and norepinephrine.
p. 505
cation
(kat
′
i-on)
Atom carrying a
positive charge due to a deF
ciency
of electrons. p. 55
cecum
(se
′
kum)
Pouchlike part of the
large intestine attached to the small
intestine. p. 687
celiac
(se
′
le-ak)
Pertaining to the
abdomen. p. 23
cell
(sel)
The structural and functional
unit of an organism. p. 4
cell body
(sel bod
′
e)
Part of a nerve
cell that includes a cytoplasmic mass
and a nucleus, and from which the
nerve F
bers extend. p. 356
cell cycle
(sel sı¯-kl)
Life cycle of a cell
consisting of G
1
(growth), S (DNA
synthesis), G
2
(growth), and mitosis
(division). p. 100
cell membrane
(sel mem
′
bra
¯n)
The
selectively permeable outer
boundary of a cell consisting of a
phospholipid bilayer embedded with
proteins. p. 76
cellular adhesion molecules
(sel
′
u-lar
ad-hee
′
zhon mol
′
e
˘-ku
¯lz)
Proteins
that guide movement of cells; CAMs.
p. 80
cellular immune response
(sel
′
u-lar
ı˘-mu
¯n re-spons
′
)
The body
′
s attack
of T cells and their secreted products
on nonself cells. p. 630
cellular respiration
(sel
′
u-lar res
″
pı˘-
ra
′
shun)
A biochemical pathway
that releases energy from organic
compounds. p. 119
cellulose
(sel
′
u-lo
¯s)
Polysaccharide
abundant in plant tissues that
human digestive enzymes cannot
break down. p. 701
cementum
(se-men
′
tum)
Bonelike
material that fastens the root of a
tooth into its bony socket. p. 660
central canal
(sen
′
tral kah-nal
′
)
Tiny
channel in bone tissue that contains
a blood vessel; Haversian canal;
tube in the spinal cord continuous
with the ventricles of the brain and
contains cerebrospinal fl
uid. p. 363
carbaminohemoglobin
(kar-bam
″
ı˘-no-
he
″
mo-glo
′
bin)
Bonded carbon
dioxide and hemoglobin. p. 766
carbohydrate
(kar
″
bo-hi
′
dra
¯t)
Organic
compound consisting of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen, in a 1:2:1
ratio. p. 61
carbonic anhydrase
(kar-bon
′
ik an-
hi
′
dra
¯s)
Enzyme that catalyzes the
reaction between carbon dioxide and
water to form carbonic acid. p. 766
carbon monoxide
(kar
′
bon mon-ok
′
sı¯d)
Toxic gas that binds hemoglobin,
forming a relatively stable
compound; CO. p. 764
carboxypeptidase
(kar-bok
″
se-pep
′
ti-
da
¯s)
Protein-splitting enzyme in
pancreatic juice. p. 671
cardiac center
(kar
′
de-ak sen
′
ter)
Neurons in the medulla oblongata
that control heart rate. p. 408
cardiac conduction system
(kar
′
de-ak
kon-duk
′
shun sis
′
tem)
System of
specialized cardiac muscle F
bers
that conduct cardiac impulses from
the SA node into the myocardium.
p. 565
cardiac cycle
(kar
′
de-ak si
′
kl)
Series
of myocardial contractions and
relaxations that constitute a
complete heartbeat. p. 564
cardiac muscle tissue
(kar
′
de-ak mus
′
el
tish
′
u)
Specialized muscle tissue
found only in the heart. p. 164
cardiac output
(kar
′
de-ak owt
′
poot)
The volume of blood per minute that
the heart pumps (multiply stroke
volume in milliliters by the heart
rate in beats per minute). p. 582
cardiac vein
(kar
′
de-ak va
¯n)
Blood
vessel that returns blood from the
venules of the myocardium to the
coronary sinus. p. 563
cardiovascular
(kar
″
de-o-vas
′
ku-lar)
Pertaining to the heart and blood
vessels. p. 16
carina
(kah-ri
′
nah)
Cartilaginous ridge
between the openings of the right
and left bronchi. p. 743
carotene
(kar
′
o-te
¯n)
Yellow, orange,
or reddish pigment in plants and a
precursor of vitamin A. p. 176
carotid bodies
(kah-rot
′
id bod
′
e
¯z)
Masses of chemoreceptors in the
wall of the internal carotid artery
near the carotid sinus. p. 597
carpal
(kar
′
pal)
Wrist bone. p. 23
carpus
(kar
′
pus)
Wrist; the wrist bones
as a group. p. 23
cartilage
(kar
′
tı˘-lij)
Type of connective
tissue in which cells are in
lacunae separated by a semisolid
extracellular matrix. p. 158
